lipids

Introduction

Metabolic risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases develop from an early age, while the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases associated with these risk factors appear later in life. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the lipid profile in young people as an early risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Material and methods

The study was conducted on 693 healthy young individuals: 71.4% (495) women and 28.6% (198) men, aged between 17 and 30 years. The measured parameters included total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, measured using the spectrophotometric method. Non-HDL cholesterol was calculated with the formula: non-HDL-C = TC – HDL-C (mmol/l).

Results

A total of 8.2% of young people had total cholesterol levels above the normal threshold (5.0 mmol/l). HDL-cholesterol below the gender-specific threshold values was recorded in 52.5%. Among women, 58.8% had HDL-cholesterol levels ≤ 1.29 mmol/l, and among men, 36.9% had levels below 1.03 mmol/l. Non-HDL cholesterol exceeded the threshold value (3.8 mmol/l) in 5.9% of young people. For 21.4% of participants, LDL-cholesterol was above the threshold (2.59 mmol/l), and 8.2% had triglyceride levels above the normal threshold (1.7 mmol/l).

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that over half of the young people (52.5%) had HDL-cholesterol below the gender-specific thresholds. Deviations in the lipid profile increase the atherogenic potential of plasma, highlighting the need for early preventive interventions in this age group.

Introduction

Alcohol intoxication is often the cause of traumatic brain injury. The purpose of the work was to study the features of lipid metabolism in erythrocytes and mitochondria of the cerebral cortex cell membranes of rats in traumatic brain injury on the background of chronic alcohol intoxication.

Materials and methods

The studies were carried out on 140 male rats of the Wistar line weighing 170-250 g. Chronic alcohol intoxication was caused by using 15% ethanol as the only source of fluid for 20 days. Reproduction of traumatic brain injury was carried out by a shock model. Statistical analysis of data was conducted by using „Primer Biostatistics 6.0”. The criteria of parametric statistics were used. The level of p <0.05 was statistically significant.

Results

Chronic alcohol intoxication in rats and inducing of traumatic brain injury separately causes a significant change of total phospholipids and cholesterol content, and their molar ratio in the membranes of erythrocytes and mitochondria of the cerebral cortex. Particularly pronounced were the changes in studied objects with combined pathology, meaning, traumatic brain injury on the background of chronic alcohol intoxication.

Discoordination of lipid metabolism was unidirectional, manifested in a significant reduction in the content of total phospholipids, and increased total cholesterol, which led to a violation of the molar ratio of total cholesterol/phospholipids in the direction of increasing the coefficient, which is normally about 1.0.

In subsequent monitoring periods, there was a gradual restoration of individual fractions of phospholipids, but on the 30th day of the study, it did not reach the control values. That means that discoordination of the metabolism of individual phospholipid fractions was so pronounced, that even on 30th day of arbitrary reproduction did not reach the initial values, which again emphasizes the severity of the morphofunctional state of red blood cells membranes’ disturbance.

Conclusions

The revealed features of lipid metabolism in the membranes of erythrocytes and mitochondria of the cerebral cortex in traumatic brain injury on the background of chronic alcohol intoxication are an important component for understanding the ongoing pathophysiological processes and searching for new effective drugs with targeted action.